Should You Ever Have Short Stack in a Poker Game?

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Arved Klöhn Pokerlistings Author
  • Fact Checked by: PokerListings
  • Last updated on: January 14, 2025

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A short-buy is, technically, buying in below the posted minimum amount for the table. Many casinos will allow a player who goes bust to make one short buy. But in the world of poker the term “short buy” usually refers to buying in for less than the table maximum. In this article I use the latter definition rather than the more official one. Short-buying has its place in poker. It can be the correct move in some obscure situations but can be a mistake in others.

The Short Stack in Poker: The Good

If you watch every episode of High Stakes Poker with the same level of commitment and attention as one would while performing brain surgery, you’ll have noticed Barry Greenstein buys in short at this table. It’s odd to consider an amount as large as $100,000 a short buy but on a table where players buy in for a cool million $100,000 makes the cut.

Greenstein’s short-buying into this game helped give him an edge on his competition at the table. To understand the reasoning, first you have to take into account the other players at the table. All the players at the table (including the unknown amateurs) have a very strong understanding of implied and pot odds. Also, all players at the table are ridiculously aggressive. Picture a stack of $1 million getting into a hand against a stack of $100,000.

  • Smaller stack has all implied odds in the hand, which means poor reverse implied odds for big stack.
  • Large bets put the small stack at risk of being pot-committed, reducing probability of successful bluffs.
  • Big stack must assume short-buy player is playing tight, elevating small stack’s range to high-end cards.
  • The small stack is still large enough to be a costly loss to the large stack in an all-in situation.

As you can see, the small stack can gain a large advantage through his short-buy. The example here is using a very high-stakes buy-in, but the example is applicable at any table where the players will understand the concepts involved, and are playing for an amount of money that is meaningful to both parties involved. This is the only solid example I can come up with where I will condone, and agree with, a short-buy. In my next article, I’ll be exploring the antithesis: The Short-Buy: The Bad. I hear rumors The Short-Buy: The Ugly will make an appearance as well.

Example:
Imagine you’re at a $5/$10 game, and you short-buy for $800 while the rest of the table sits with around $2,000 each. You pick up A K in middle position and open for $40. An aggressive opponent with a $2,000 stack 3-bets to $120 from the cutoff. Because you’re comfortable with your short stack, you decide to 4-bet all-in for $800, forcing your opponent into a tricky spot. He knows you’re pot-committed once you 4-bet, and your range is likely strong. You’ve leveraged your smaller stack to create a high-pressure situation without risking as many chips as he has to.

The Short Stack in Poker: The Bad

Since the majority of us will never play poker at the same level or limits as Barry Greenstein, buying in short will never have a place among most of us. Picture a live $1/$2 No-Limit game with a $200 max buy-in. You short-buy for $100. You raise one hand for the table standard of $15. You continuation bet $25 on the flop with nothing and fold to a raise. Your stack is now at $60. The next raised pot you get into will almost certainly have you pot-committed. Clear downfalls of the short-buy:

  • This scenario has forced you to move all-in after playing two hands, neither of which would ever have warranted an all-in had you max-bought.
  • There’s the obvious problem of not being able to maximize your winnings. If you view buying in short as a mistake, then doubling up after this short buy will have lost you $200. Similar to money saved is money made; money not made, due to a mistake, is money lost.
  • Having multiple short stacks on a table ruins the flow of a game. If half the players have $200, while the other half have between $30 and $80, every hand runs into an all-in. This is not how poker was designed to be played.
  • Buying in short is commonly a result of playing on a short roll. If you can’t afford to buy in full, you shouldn’t be playing that limit.

To sum up, buying in short forces you to have to gamble and keeps you from maximizing your wins should you get lucky; it’s a lose-lose situation. Players will not be afraid to put all their chips in against you when the money is this small. You gain nothing from buying in short while being affected greatly.

How Short is Short?

Buying in short actually has nothing to do with the buy-in limit of the table you’re playing. It has to do with the stacks of the other players. Usually, the other players will all be around the max buy-in for the table. There are times where this isn’t the case. You can find $5/$10 No-Limit games with a max buy-in of $5,000 full of players playing from $3,000 stacks. To buy in to this game with $3,000 would not be short-buying.

At the same time, if you buy in for $3,000 only to have five new players show up in the next hour with a max. buy-in, your stack will become short. If you’re playing within your roll you should be fully capable of capping up your stack to the maximum whenever you approach being short for the table. Lots of online poker rooms now offer an automatic top-up option to keep your stack full after any lost pot. 

Example:
You’re in a $1/$2 live game, and you sit down with $80. After one semi-bluff and a small continuation bet, your stack drops to $50. On your very next hand, you look down at Q J in late position. An early position player raises to $10, and you call. The flop is A 10 2 . You decide to bluff for $15. You get raised to $45, which puts you all-in. You have too little behind to maneuver, and you’re forced to commit your stack even though you have only a gutshot straight draw. If you had a full buy-in of $200, you might have played more selectively and avoided an immediate all-in.

The Final Ruling on Short-Buys

Every so often you’ll encounter some super-aggressive poker. When you get into a ridiculously aggressive game, short-buying can be the best thing you could do in a session. At a game where the players are willing to put it all in pre-flop with any two cards, the variance will be huge. The reason you will short-buy at a table such as this is almost exclusively to do with bankroll management. A table this aggressive will require a significantly larger bankroll to play than a regular game at the same stakes. Short-buying can effectively double your buy-in-to-total roll ratio.

There are situations where buying in slightly short makes little difference to the game. If you’re sitting at a $200 buy-in $1/$2 No-Limit game, buying in $150 rather than $200 makes little difference to the play of the game. By saving $50 on your buy-in, you can play four online tables at the same time for the same cost as three at a max-buy. You put the same amount of money in play from your roll, but add one more table to help even out variance. Ideally, you want to be playing on a large enough roll to be able to afford to play all four tables at a max. buy. In the real world, the majority of poker players are playing on a short roll. This is one little hint that could be of great help to such players.

The Short-Buy: The Ugly

It’s becoming rare to find an online table with a full ring of max-buys. More and more these days you’ll see a large percentage of online players buying in for the minimum. Always play within your roll and keep to tables where you can afford the full buy-in. If you can’t afford it, drop limits to one you can afford. Being a chronic short-stacker puts you into the same boat with the slow-rollers and hit-and-run artists. Poker always works best as a deep-stack game. It might not even be overstating the case to say that in this game of respect, perhaps the integrity of the game requires the most attention.

Modern Short-Stack Play

Short-buying in today’s poker environment can involve advanced calculations, especially when you’re dealing with aggressive games or moving between multiple tables online. While many of the core principles remain the same—managing variance, protecting your bankroll, and leveraging the psychological impact of a reduced stack—modern theories such as Game Theory Optimal (GTO) analysis and simulation-based decision-making can help refine your short-stack approach. By modeling common push-fold and 3-bet scenarios, you can better anticipate your opponents’ likely ranges and exploit their mistakes.

One key aspect is understanding how your short-stack strategy intersects with table dynamics. If you’re at a table with a few weak players and some tight regulars, a short-stack approach can maximize fold equity while minimizing your downside risk. Conversely, at a table full of sharp, aggressive players, your short stack could become a predictable pattern if you’re not mixing up your play. An optimal style might require adjusting bet sizes, using selective aggression, and gathering data over time.

Rethinking All-In Frequencies

When combining modern simulation tools with short-stack play, many experienced players focus on all-in frequencies from each position. If you’re pushing all-in too often pre-flop, even a single call from a strong range can rapidly eliminate your stack. GTO solvers suggest that while short-stacked players should be more willing to shove, they still need to discriminate between strong and marginal holdings. A range that’s too wide invites calls from observant opponents, while a range that’s too tight may cause you to miss profitable spots.

Balancing these frequencies involves constant adaptation. Consider how each opponent reacts to your shoves, and be prepared to switch gears if you sense they are adjusting and beginning to call you lighter. The more you refine your short-stack push-fold ranges, the less predictable—and more profitable—your approach becomes.

FAQ

What is a short stack?

A short stack in poker refers to having fewer chips relative to the other players at the table. This typically means you have significantly less than the maximum buy-in or the table average, which limits your post-flop maneuverability and increases your reliance on all-in or fold decisions.

Why do some professional players choose to short-buy?

Professional players sometimes short-buy to reduce their overall risk in an extremely aggressive game. By buying in for less, they can leverage a tight image and force bigger stacks into making difficult decisions without risking as much of their bankroll.

Is short-buying always a bad idea for recreational players?

Short-buying can be workable in rare cases, such as highly aggressive games or specific bankroll limitations, but it generally reduces your ability to maximize potential winnings and forces you into frequent all-in situations. Most recreational players find it more beneficial to buy in for the table maximum to maintain deeper post-flop play.

How does modern theory like GTO apply to short-stack play?

GTO-based analysis helps short-stack players refine their ranges and all-in frequencies. By calculating optimal push-fold strategies in different positions, you can force opponents to respond correctly or risk paying off your stronger hands.

Can short-stacking be profitable in online multi-tabling?

In some cases, short-stacking across multiple tables can smooth out variance and stretch your bankroll, but it also demands precise timing and positional play. Many players prefer deeper stacks for better implied odds, so profitability largely depends on your skill in handling short-stack constraints.

What is the difference between buying in short and becoming short-stacked mid-session?

Buying in short refers to deliberately entering a table with a below-average chip count, while becoming short-stacked mid-session can happen if you lose chips in big pots. The strategic adjustments may be similar, but one is a conscious choice and the other is a result of in-game variance.

How do I adjust my strategy if the entire table is short-stacked?

When every player at the table is short-stacked, the game often becomes a push-fold contest. You can use tighter ranges early, but be prepared to call or shove with a wider selection of hands as blinds increase and the short stacks around you commit their chips.

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